A combination of vitamin D, omega-3 and exercise can produce a small protective effect on biological aging, according to a recent study published in Nature Aging.
A post hoc analysis of a subset of the DO-HEALTH trial conducted in Europe looked at the effect of vitamin D (2,000 IU per day) and/or omega-3 (1 g per day) and/or a home exercise program on four next-generation DNA methylation (DNAm) measures of biological aging (PhenoAge, GrimAge, GrimAge2 and DunedinPACE) over three years.
The analysis sample consisted of 59% women with a mean age at baseline of 75 years. Among the 777 participants in the analysis, omega-3 alone slowed the DNAm clocks PhenoAge, GrimAge2 and DunedinPACE, and all three treatments had additive benefits on PhenoAge. Overall, from baseline to year three, standardized effects ranged from 2.9–3.8 months.
Prior analyses of the entire DO-HEALTH trial that included all 2,157 participants established that the interventions (vitamin D, omega-3 and exercise) also had additive protective effects on incident invasive cancer and incident prefrailty.